Can someone please explain me what do, while are and do in java

import java.io.Console;

public class TreeStory {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Console console = System.console();
        /*  Some terms:
            noun - Person, place or thing
            verb - An action
            adjective - A description used to modify or describe a noun
            Enter your amazing code here!
        */
      //__Name__ is a __adjective__ __noun__. They are always __adverb__ __verb__.
      String ageAsString = console.readLine("How old are you?  ");
      int age = Integer.parseInt(ageAsString);
      if(age<13){
        console.printf("Sorry you must be at least 13 to use this program.\n");
        System.exit(0);
      }
      String name = console.readLine("Enter a name:  ");  
      String adjective = console.readLine("Enter an adjective:  ");
      String noun;
      do {
        noun = console.readLine("Enter a noun: ");
        if (noun.equalsIgnoreCase("dork") || 
            noun.equalsIgnoreCase("jerk")) {
        console.printf("That language is not allowed. Try again.\n\n");
        }
      } while(noun.equalsIgnoreCase("dork") || noun.equalsIgnoreCase("jerk"));                          
      String adverb = console.readLine("Enter an adjective:  ");
      String verb = console.readLine("Enter a verb ending with -ing:  ");

      console.printf("Your TreeStory.\n----------------------------\n");
      console.printf("%s is a/an very %s %s.  ", name, adjective, noun);
      console.printf("They are always %s %s.\n", adverb, verb);
    }

  }