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Sometimes you'll want one selector to share the styles of another selector. The @extend directive works like mixins in that you're able to share snippets of code across your stylesheets. @extend is a useful directive for sharing sets of related properties that get repeated in your stylesheets.
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Sometimes you'll want one selector to
share the styles of another selector.
0:00
Sass has an extend directive that
works similarly to mixins in
0:05
that you're able to share snippets
of code across your stylesheets.
0:08
Extend is a useful directive for
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sharing sets of related properties
that get repeated in your stylesheets.
0:13
Button sets, for example,
share many of the same CSS properties.
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When you launch the latest workspace with
this video, in the component styles,
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you'll see that the btn-callout and
btn-info rules share many of the same
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styles for color, display, font-weight,
text-decoration, and a few others.
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Writing these properties over and
over again for every button is incredibly
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tedious and repetitive and
could become a maintenance nightmare.
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So in plain CSS,
you might create a button class that
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abstracts all the base styles
of a button for example.
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Then below, you'll define different
modifier classes, like .btn-callout,
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font-size: 1.1em,
background-color: $color-secondary.
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Then .btn-info with just the font-size,
background-color, and
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margin-top decorations.
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Then over in your HTML,
you give your button element or
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a tag the base button class and
the one modifier class, for btn-callout.
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Well, this works fine and it's a much
drier approach than the first example.
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And you might also group all the button
selectors that share the same styles,
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for example you'll group
.btn-callout with .btn-info and
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one rule and
have all the variations in separate rules.
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Doing this requires just one
class on your btn element,
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which makes your HTML more maintainable.
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That looks good.
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Well there's an even
easier way with extend.
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So let's bring back our button class and
our style sheet.
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The extend directive will allow other
selectors like .btn-callout and
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.btn-info to inherit
the properties of button.
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So inside each button modifier rule,
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let's add @extend followed by the class
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we want to extend, in this case btn.
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I'll copy the directive from .btn-callout
and paste it inside .btn-info.
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So here extend is instructing Sass,
hey Sass I want .btn
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to share its styles with btn-callout and
btn-info.
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Save your Sass file and you'll see
that the output is just like the CSS
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we wrote earlier, the extend directive,
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group the selectors that share
the same styles into one rule, and
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place the selector-specific
styles in separate rules.
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So in other words,
all the base styles defined
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here in the button rule are now
applied to .btn-callout and .btn-info.
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Whereas the include directive you
learned about earlier clones the code
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inside of mixin and duplicates it in
the CSS output over and over again.
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Extend makes the output more compact
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by grouping the selectors that
share the same properties.
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But we can make our output even simpler.
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Notice how extend outputs the button
class in the selector group.
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Well, we're no longer going
to use this class by itself.
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Because moving forward, we'll style once
we're using just the named space classes.
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So let's not have it clutter our CSS.
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In the next video, I'll teach you how
to make it disappear from the output
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with a place holder selector.
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I also included more example of extending
selector in the teacher's notes.
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