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Introduction to the Terminal

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Relative Paths

2:46 with Jay McGavren

As we mentioned, a path is a series of directory names chained together with slash characters. There are two types of paths, "relative" and "absolute". In this video, we'll focus on relative paths and look at absolute paths in the next video.

  • A relative path is a file path that's relative to your starting location in the file system.
  • Suppose we want to print the contents of the menu.txt file in the starbunks directory we saw before.
    • Previously, we changed into the starbunks directory to access the file, but we don't always have to do that. We can do it from another directory.
    • Let's type our cat command name...
    • And we know the starbunks directory is within the mall directory. So let's type: mall, and then a slash: mall/...
    • Then we'll type the name of the starbunks directory, and another slash: starbunks/...
    • And finally we'll type the name of the file within the starbunks directory: menu.txt
    • Because you provided a path, the operating system knows how to go from folder to folder to find the file.
treehouse:~/workspace$ cat mall/starbunks/menu.txt
Venti Iced Mocha Soy Latte (with Whip): $29.99
Grande Hot Americano: $34.99
Tall Hot Chocolate: $24.99
  • By the way, a quick tip - you can use tab completion to do this as well.
  • Now, let's suppose I was inside the mall directory instead of outside it: cd mall
    • If I try the same path as before: cat mall/starbunks/menu.txt
    • ...it won't work, because there's no mall directory inside the mall directory.
    • Instead, I have to adjust the path to account for my starting location, and leave the mall directory off of the path.
    • If I type starbunks/, and then menu.txt, the operating system will be able to find the file: cat starbunks/menu.txt
  • And of course, if I'm in the same directory as the file... cd starbunks/
    • ...Then I don't have to provide a path, I can provide just the file name: cat menu.txt 
treehouse:~/workspace$ cd mall
treehouse:~/workspace/mall$ cat mall/starbunks/menu.txt
cat: mall/starbunks/menu.txt: No such file or directory
treehouse:~/workspace/mall$ cat starbunks/menu.txt
Venti Iced Mocha Soy Latte (with Whip): $29.99
Grande Hot Americano: $34.99
Tall Hot Chocolate: $24.99
treehouse:~/workspace/mall$ cd starbunks/
treehouse:~/workspace/mall/starbunks$ cat menu.txt
Venti Iced Mocha Soy Latte (with Whip): $29.99
Grande Hot Americano: $34.99
Tall Hot Chocolate: $24.99

Paths work with directories, too.

  • If you run ls without any arguments, it will list the contents of the current directory.
    • But if you give it a directory name as an argument, it will list the contents of that directory instead: ls mall
    • As always, if you want, you can put a slash at the end of a directory name, and it will work the same way: ls mall/
  • I can join multiple directory names together with slashes:
    • ls mall/starbunks/
    • ls mall/dullards/jewelry/
treehouse:~/workspace$ ls mall
dullards  map.txt  starbunks
treehouse:~/workspace$ ls mall/
dullards  map.txt  starbunks
treehouse:~/workspace$ ls mall/starbunks/
menu.txt
treehouse:~/workspace$ ls mall/dullards/jewelry/
catalog.txt

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    As we mentioned before, 0:00
    a path is a series of directory names chained together with slash characters. 0:01
    There are two types of paths, relative and absolute. 0:06
    In this video, we'll focus on relative paths, and 0:10
    we'll look at absolute paths in the next video. 0:13
    I'm gonna make sure I'm in my workspace directory for this video. 0:16
    A relative path is a file path that's relative to your starting location 0:21
    in the file system. 0:26
    Suppose we wanna print the contents of the menu.txt 0:27
    file in the starbunks directory we saw before. 0:30
    Previously, we changed into the starbunks directory to access the file, but 0:36
    we don't always have to do that. 0:41
    We can do it from another directory instead. 0:43
    Let's type our cat command name, and 0:46
    we know the starbunks directory is within the mall directory. 0:48
    So let's type mall and then a slash. 0:51
    Then we'll type the name of the starbunks directory, and another slash. 0:56
    And finally, we'll type the name of the file within the starbunks directory, 1:01
    menu.txt. 1:04
    Because you provided a path, 1:07
    the operating system knows how to go from folder to folder to find the file. 1:08
    By the way, a quick tip, you can use tab completion to do this as well, star, tab. 1:13
    M-E-N, tab, now let's suppose I was inside the mall directory instead of outside it. 1:22
    If I try the same path as before, 1:29
    it won't work, because there's no mall directory inside the mall directory. 1:31
    Instead, I have to adjust the path for my starting location and 1:36
    link to the mall directory off the path. 1:39
    If I type just starbunks/menu.txt, 1:42
    the operating system will now be able to find the file. 1:45
    And of course, if I'm in the same directory as the file, 1:49
    then I don't have to provide a path, I can provide just the file name. 1:53
    Paths work with directories, too. 1:57
    Let me change outside the mall directory again, cd .., cd... 2:00
    If you run ls without any arguments, 2:05
    it will list the contents of the current directory. 2:08
    But if you give it a directory name as an argument, 2:10
    it will list the contents of that directory instead. 2:13
    As always, if you want, you can put a slash at the end of a directory name and 2:16
    it will work the same way. 2:20
    I can join multiple directory names together with slashes. 2:22
    So I can say ls mall/starbunks, and 2:25
    it'll list the contents of the starbunks directory. 2:29
    I can say ls mall/dullards/jewelry, and it'll list the contents of that directory. 2:32
    So that's how to work with relative paths. 2:40
    In the next video, we'll look at absolute paths. 2:43

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